RAYNAUD'S DISEASE

DEFINITION:-

It is a condition of unknown cause in which arteries of finger's are unduly reactive and enter spasm (angiospasm or vasospasm) when the hands are cold.
OR
It is a vasospastic disorder that is brought on by an unusual sensitivity to cold, emotional stress, or autoimmune disorder.

CAUSES:-

  • Unknown
  • Cold temperature
  • Stress
  • Smoking
  • Injury
  • Certain medicine (Beta-blocker).
  • Chemical exposure.


SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:-

  • Cold fingers and toes
  • Attacks of pallor, numbness and discomfort in fingers.
  • Colour changes (white, blue, red).



DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-

  • Blood test (ESR)
  • Physical examination
  • Non-vasive blood flow test
  • Gangrene or ulceration of finger tips.


MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-

  • Calcium channel blockers (Amlodpine)
  • Vasodilators (Nitroglycerin)
  • Antiplatelet agents (Aspirin)


SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:-

  1. Sympathectomy: Surgical division of sympathetic nerve fibers.
  2. Nerve Surgery.


NURSING DIAGNOSIS:-

  1. Acute Pain related to hyperemic stage.
  2. Disturbed sensory perception related to vasospastic process.

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