VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

DEFINITION:-

It is an acute and congenital disorders of a valve charactersized by stenosis (obstruction), impaired closure and regurgitation of blood.
Regurgitation (back flow).

Mitral valve Disease

  • Mitral Stenosis: (Narrowing of Mitral valve)
  • Mitral Regurgitation It involves backflow of blood from left ventricular into left atrium due to failure of mitral valves.

    SYMPTOMS:-

    • Dyspnoea
    • Cough
    • Murmur sound
    • Dysrhythmias
    • Low B.P
    • Syncope
    • Angina.

    DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-

    • ECG
    • Echocardiography
    • Cardiac catherization

    COMPLICATIONS:-

    • Left side heart failure
    • Dysrhythmia

    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-

    1. Diuretics:
      2. Example;
      • furosemide
      • thiazide.

    2. Positive intropic agent:(increase effectively heart ability)
      3. Example;
      • Digoxin
      • Dopamine.

    3. Vasodilators:
      4. Example;
      • Nitrates.

    4. ACE inhibitors:
      5. Example;
      • Captopril- 15-25 mg TDS.
      • Analapril.

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:-

  • For mitral Stenosis:
    • Closed mitral valvotomy
    • Open mitral valvotomy
    • Mitral valve replacement.
  • Valvuloplasty: For tricuspid stenosis and aortic stenosis.

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