OSTEOPOROSIS

OSTEOPOROSIS

DEFINITION:-

It is an age related metabolic disease, in which bone matrix (mass) is lost thereby weakening the bones and making them more susceptible to fracture.
In this condition, mostly three bones are affected:

  • Wrist bone
  • Hip bone
  • Vertebral column.        

CAUSES:-

  • Lack of calcium and phosphate salts
  • Post menopausal women
  • Age above 40-50
  • Chronic illness
  • Medications, e.g., corticosteroids (for excessive thyroid replacement)
  • Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
  • Family history
  • Smoking and alcohol habits
  • Excessive caffeine intake
  • Immobilization of part
  • Prolonged bed rest.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:-

  • Generally asymptomatic until later stages
  • Acute pain with movement
  • Back pain while bending
  • Pain in affected area
  • Khyposis of dorsal spine
  • Decline in height
  • Multiple fracture
  • Weakness.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:-

Bones make a balance by two process:

  • Osteoclast (engulf old cells)
  • Osteoblast (synthesis of new cells)
    • If there is imbalance in between both process the bones leads to increase its fragility.

DIAGNOSTIC FINDING:-

  • Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Dexa scanning shows decreased bone mineral density)
  • Bone biopsy shows thin, porous bone
  • Serum calcium level.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-

  • Adequate intake of calcium 1.5 gm/day
  • Adequate intake of vitamin D (400-800 IU)
  • Weight bearing exercise
  • Biphosphonate (for decrease activity of osteoclast)

    • Actions: Inhibits the resorption of bone by blocking the action of osteoclast.


DIETARY MANAGEMENT:-

  • Intake more milk
  • Diet should be rich in vitamin D and protein
  • Plenty of fluid in diet

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